The Ocean Model Intercomparison Project(OMIP) is an endorsed project in the Coupled Model In-tercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). OMIP addressesCMIP6 science questions, investigating the origins ...

Derivative-based methods are developed for uncertainty quantification (UQ) in largescale ocean state estimation. The estimation system is based on the adjoint method for solving a least-squares optimization problem, whereby ...

Ocean observations are expensive and difficult to collect. Designing effective ocean observing systems therefore warrants deliberate, quantitative strategies. We leverage adjoint modeling and Hessian uncertainty ...