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Advancing Observation of Ocean Biogeochemistry, Biology, and Ecosystems With Cost-Effective in situ Sensing Technologies.

Wang, Zhaohui Aleck; Moustahfid, Hassan; Mueller, Amy V.; Michel, Anna P. M.; Mowlem, Matthew; Glazer, Brian T.; Mooney, T. Aran; Michaels, William; McQuillan, Jonathan S.; Robidart, Julie C.; Churchill, James; Sourisseau, Marc; Daniel, Anne; Schaap, Allison; Monk, Sam; Friedman, Kim; Brehmer, Patrice (2019)

Advancing our understanding of ocean biogeochemistry, biology, and ecosystems relies on the ability to make observations both in the ocean and at the critical boundaries between the ocean and other earth systems at relevant ...

A Review of Protocols for Fiducial Reference Measurements of Downwelling Irradiance for the Validation of Satellite Remote Sensing Data over Water.

Ruddick, Kevin G.; Voss, Kenneth; Banks, Andrew C.; Boss, Emmanuel; Castagna, Alexandre; Frouin, Robert; Hieronymi, Martin; Jamet, Cedric; Johnson, B. Carol; Kuusk, Joel; Lee, Zhongping; Ondrusek, Michael; Vabson, Viktor; Vendt, Riho (2019)

This paper reviews the state of the art of protocols for the measurement of downwelling irradiance in the context of Fiducial Reference Measurements (FRM) of water reflectance for satellite validation. The measurement ...

Global in situ Observations of Essential Climate and Ocean Variables at the Air–Sea Interface.

Centurioni, L.R.; Turton, J.; Lumpkin, R.; Braasch, L.; Brassington, G.; Chao, Y.; Charpentier, E.; Chen, Z.; Corlett, G.; Dohan, K.; Donlon, C.; Gallage, C.; Hormann, V.; Ignatov, A.; Ingleby, B.; Jensen, R.; Kelly-Gerreyn, B.A.; Koszalka, I.M.; Lin, X.; Lindstrom, E.; Maximenko, N.; Merchant, C.J.; Minnett, P.; O’Carroll, A.; Paluszkiewicz, T.; Poli, P.; Poulain, P-M.; Reverdin, G.; Sun, X.; Swail, V.; Thurston, S.; Wu, L.; Yu, L.; Wang, B .; Zhang, D. (2019)

The air–sea interface is a key gateway in the Earth system. It is where the atmosphere sets the ocean in motion, climate/weather-relevant air–sea processes occur, and pollutants (i.e., plastic, anthropogenic carbon ...

Observing System Evaluation Based on Ocean Data Assimilation and Prediction Systems: On-Going Challenges and a Future Vision for Designing and Supporting Ocean Observational Networks.

Fujii, Y.; Rémy, E.; Zuo, H.; Oke, P.; Halliwell, G.; Gasparin, F.; Benkiran, M.; Loose, N.; Cummings, J.; Xie, J.; Xue, Y.; Masuda, S.; Smith, G.C.; Balmaseda, M.; Germineaud, C.; Lea, D.J.; Larnicol, G.; Bertino, L.; Bonaduce, A.; Brasseur, P.; Donlon, C.; Heimbach, P.; Kim, Y.; Kourafalou, V.; Le Traon, P-Y.; Martin, M.; Paturi, S.; Tranchant, B.; Usui, N. (2019)

This paper summarizes recent efforts on Observing System Evaluation (OS-Eval) by the Ocean Data Assimilation and Prediction (ODAP) communities such as GODAE OceanView and CLIVAR-GSOP. It provides some examples of existing ...

Development of Surface Drifting Buoys for Fiducial Reference Measurements of Sea-Surface Temperature.

Le Menn, Marc; Poli, Paul; David, Arnaud; Sagot, Jérôme; Lucas, Marc; O'Carroll, Anne; Belbeoch, Mathieu; Herklotz, Kai (2019)

This paper presents the conception and the metrological characterization of a new surface drifting buoy, designed to comply with the requirements of satellite sea-surface temperature (SST) measurement validation and to ...

Towards quantifying uncertainty in ocean heat content changes using synthetic profiles.

Allison, L.C.; Roberts, C.D.; Palmer, M.D.; Hermanson, L,; Killick, R.E.; Rayner, N.A.; Smith, D.M.; Andrews, M.B. (2019)

Observational estimates of global ocean heat content (OHC) change are used to assess Earth’s energy imbalance over the 20th Century.However, intercomparison studies show that the mappingmethods used to interpolate sparse ...

Quality Assurance of Oceanographic Observations: Standards and Guidance Adopted by an International Partnership.

Bushnell, Mark; Waldmann, Christoph; Seitz, Steffen; Buckley, Earle; Tamburri, Mario; Hermes, Juilet; Heslop, Emma; Lara-Lopez, Ana (2019)

Scientists who observe and distribute oceanographic data require a process to ensure high-quality data. This process includes quality assurance, quality control, quality assessment, standards, and best practices. In this ...

New elevation data triple estimates of global vulnerability to sea-level rise and coastal flooding.

Kulp, Scott A.; Strauss, Benjamin H. (2019)

Most estimates of global mean sea-level rise this century fall below 2 m. This quantity is comparable to the positive vertical bias of the principle digital elevation model (DEM) used to assess global and national population ...

Ship-Based Contributions to Global Ocean, Weather, and Climate Observing Systems.

Smith, Shawn R.; Alory, Gaël; Andersson, Axel; Asher, William; Baker, Alex; Berry, David I.; Drushka, Kyla; Figurskey, Darin; Freeman, Eric; Holthus, Paul; Jickells, Tim; Kleta, Henry; Kent, Elizabeth C.; Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas; Kramp, Martin; Loh, Zoe; Poli, Paul; Schuster, Ute; Steventon, Emma; Swart, Sebastiaan; Tarasova, Oksana; de la Villéon, Loic Petit; Vinogradova-Shiffer, Nadya (2019)

The role ships play in atmospheric, oceanic, and biogeochemical observations is described with a focus on measurements made near the ocean surface. Ships include merchant and research vessels; cruise liners and ferries; ...

SMART Cables for Observing the Global Ocean: Science and Implementation.

Howe, Bruce M.; Arbic, Brian K.; Aucan, Jérome; Barnes, Christopher R.; Bayliff, Nigel; Becker, Nathan; Butler, Rhett; Doyle, Laurie; Elipot, Shane; Johnson, Gregory C.; Landerer, Felix; Lentz, Stephen; Luther, Douglas S.; Müller, Malte; Mariano, John; Panayotou, Kate; Rowe, Charlotte; Ota, Hiroshi; Song, Y. Tony; Thomas, Maik; Thomas, Preston N.; Thompson, Philip; Tilmann, Frederik; Weber, Tobias; Weinstein, Stuart (2019)

The ocean is key to understanding societal threats including climate change, sea level rise, ocean warming, tsunamis, and earthquakes. Because the ocean is difficult and costly to monitor, we lack fundamental data needed ...